Immunomodulatory activity of callyspongia sp. Extract towards interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in Staphylococcus aureus – Induced wistar male rats

The IFN-γ and TNF-α are cytokines that involved in the phagocytic activity, and Callypsongia sp. increases phagocytic activity; thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of Callspongia sp. extract toward IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in Staphylococcus aureus-induced Wistar male rats. The animals were divided into four groups (n=5) and treated orally for 7 d as follows: Group I (extract dose of 300 mg/kgBW); Group II (extract dose of 400 mg/kgBW); Group III (Phylantii extract); and Group IV (0.5% NaCMC). On day 8, animals were infected with Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally and left for 1h. Blood was collected and assayed with ELISA Kit for IFN-γ and TNF-α. Data collected were then statistically analyzed using SPSS. According to results obtained, the Callyspongia sp. extract effect in both IFN-γ and TNF-α is significantly different from Group IV as the negative control (p<0.05). Callyspongia sp. extract provided similar potency between Group I and Group III (p>0.05), yet Group II provided higher activity in increasing IFN-γ levels. In contrast, Callyspongia sp. provided similar activity between Group I, Group II, and Group III to increase TNF-α levels (p>0.05). Therefore, we concluded that Callyspongia sp. extract increases both INF-γ and TNF-α, responsible for the phagocytic activity.