Hydroxyapatite-collagen composite made from coral and chicken claws for bone implant application

Synthesis of porous hydroxyapatite-collagen composites for bone implant applications has been carried out. Hydroxyapatite was synthesized from coral by the precipitation method, while collagen was synthesized from chicken claws. Collagen was formed using freeze-dry technique with variations in freezing time of 2, 4 and 6 hours at-80°C then followed by a drying process in a lyophilizer. Characterization of samples was carried out using FTIR, SEM, compressive strength test and cytotoxicity test with MTT assay. FTIR results proved that collagen uptake and hydroxyapatite combine chemically. This is indicated by the absorption of functional groups that did not coincide between collagen and hydroxyapatite functional groups with composites. SEM observations showed that the largest pore size was obtained at freezing time of 2 hours, which was 774 μm while the smallest obtained at 6 hours freezing time, which was 640 μm. These pore sizes are important parameter of the bone implant because it plays a role in the osteoinductive process. The composite compressive strength test results for freezing times of 2, 4, and 6 hours are 737 KPa, 842 KPa and 707.7 KPa, respectively. Cytotoxicity test results with MTT assay showed that the composite was not toxic with a percentage of viability cells above 100%.