Healing Process of Bone Defects Based on the Location of Lesion with Osteogenesis Markers and Defect Size Measurement: A Preliminary Study

The bone defect, characterized by the undesired loss of bone material, can arise from post-infection cavities, lesion therapy, or fractures, presenting a complex and challenging healing process. This condition is influenced by various contributing factors. Long bones are categorized into three segments (epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis) under the Universal Long Bone Defect Classification. This study aimed to determine differences in the healing process of bone defects based on the position of the defect. Conducted on 60 male Wistar rats (12 weeks old, weighing 250–300 mg), the experiment includes two groups: Group A (30 animals with metaphyseal defects) and Group B (30 animals with diaphyseal defects). Each group was divided into smaller subgroups, each consisting of 6 animals, based on designated observation days: H0, 5, 10, 17, and 25. This arrangement led to the formation of ten groups in total. The assessment involves osteogenesis markers and defect area measurement from radiographs, revealing higher values for osteoblasts and osteoclasts in Group B, except for Group A chondrocytes which exhibit higher values. Additionally, the lesion area in Group B is smaller. Statistical analysis confirms these differences, leading to the conclusion that bone defects in the diaphyseal area exhibit faster healing compared to the epiphyseal or metaphyseal regions.