Gynura procumbensin vitro adventitious root nanohydrogel improves inflammation-proliferation transition in second-degree burn healing

Inflammation-proliferation transition plays a key role in the successful healing of a common burn type, second-degree burn. Gynura procumbens in vitro adventitious root nanohydrogel is currently being studied for its immunomodulatory to improve reparative environment. Root production and nanohydrogel preparation was done respectively by in vitro propagation and emulsion/ solvent diffusion with carbomer as a polymer. Characterization of nanohydrogel was performed afterward. An in vivo study was carried out in Balb/c mice having second-degree burns at different time and space. In vitro adventitious root was induced from leaf explant under indole butyric acid plant growth regulator (PGR). Rapid propagation was done through liquid culture. Upon formation into nanohydrogel (Gr-nh), it had a sphere shape with 6.88 nm in size and a PDI value of 0.16. Interaction among extract and polymer was proven by shifting in hydroxyl, alkene, and vinyl ether groups. Loading efficiency and loading amount were 99.99% and 56.39%, respectively. The percentage of release increased in line with pH (4-6). The pH of Gr-nh was 6.58 with spread diameter 8.83 ± 0.29 cm. Four days after the burn, Gr-nh showed a swift decline in local IL6 (116.1 pg/ml, p=0.0005), reduced levels of local (18.97 ng/l, p=0.69) and systemic (8.83 ng/l, p=0.0028) PGE2, and elevated local VEGF (343.6 ng/l, p=0.0005) compared to the control. By day 10, systemic IL6, as well as local and systemic PGE2 levels in Gr-nh, were notably lower compared to all treatments. Meanwhile, local VEGF remained elevated and significantly different from all other groups. Gr-nh showed better IL6 and PGE2 reduction than free extract during the inflammation stage and better VEGF enhancement than free extract in the proliferation stage. Pearson correlation analysis suggests that Gr-nh aids in coordinating IL6, PGE2, and VEGF spatially and temporally to optimize burn healing.