TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Circulating in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
AU - Ueda, Shuhei
AU - Witaningrum, Adiana Mutamsari
AU - Khairunisa, Siti Qamariyah
AU - Kotaki, Tomohiro
AU - Nasronudin,
AU - Kameoka, Masanori
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2019.
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - Manado, the capital city of North Sulawesi, is a unique region in Indonesia because of its religion. We collected peripheral blood samples from 63 individuals on antiretroviral therapy. The amplification of viral genomic fragments, viral subtyping, detection of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations (DRAMs), and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Viral subtyping revealed that the most prevalent HIV type 1 (HIV-1) subtype/circulating recombinant form (CRF) was CRF01-AE (84.1%), followed by subtype B (6.8%) and recombinants between CRF01-AE and CRF02-AG (4.5%). Although no major DRAMs were present in protease genes, they were detected in reverse transcriptase (RT) genes. Nine of 38 samples (23.7%) had major DRAMs against nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and/or non-NRTIs. The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that CRF01-AE in North Sulawesi is related to that in Bali. Therefore, Bali may play an important role in circulating CRF01-AE in North Sulawesi.
AB - Manado, the capital city of North Sulawesi, is a unique region in Indonesia because of its religion. We collected peripheral blood samples from 63 individuals on antiretroviral therapy. The amplification of viral genomic fragments, viral subtyping, detection of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations (DRAMs), and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Viral subtyping revealed that the most prevalent HIV type 1 (HIV-1) subtype/circulating recombinant form (CRF) was CRF01-AE (84.1%), followed by subtype B (6.8%) and recombinants between CRF01-AE and CRF02-AG (4.5%). Although no major DRAMs were present in protease genes, they were detected in reverse transcriptase (RT) genes. Nine of 38 samples (23.7%) had major DRAMs against nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) and/or non-NRTIs. The results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that CRF01-AE in North Sulawesi is related to that in Bali. Therefore, Bali may play an important role in circulating CRF01-AE in North Sulawesi.
KW - ART
KW - CRF01-AE
KW - Indonesia
KW - North Sulawesi
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063769305&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/aid.2018.0221
DO - 10.1089/aid.2018.0221
M3 - Article
C2 - 30229669
AN - SCOPUS:85063769305
SN - 0889-2229
VL - 35
SP - 407
EP - 413
JO - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
IS - 4
ER -
