Freeze-dried epigallocatechin-3-gallate and stem-cells from human exfoliated deciduous-teeth scaffold as the biocompatible anti-relapse material post-orthodontic treatment: A review

50% of the orthodontic treatments experience a relapse and the tendency of post-orthodontic treatment relapse is 33-90%. A retainer can prevent relapse, which is not effectively used and there are 19% relapse cases after that treatment. Meanwhile, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) has the ability to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Whereas, Stem-Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous-Teeth (SHEDs) are able to proliferate and differentiate as well. This study was aimed to explain the potential of freeze-dried EGCG and SHED scaffold as the biocompatible anti-relapse material during post-orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic relapse is the return of the tooth position due to osteoclast activity and lack of osteoblast activity. EGCG is one of the catechins which is most foundin green tea that may increase the expression of NF-kB, Runx2, BMP-2 and decrease the expression of RANKL. SHEDs may differentiate osteogenic better than DPSCs by expressing higher ALP. Freeze-drying is a method to form the 3D geometry and the strength to cross-link the scaffold. A relapse after any orthodontic treatment occurs due to the inadequate remodeling of alveolar bone. ALP expression in osteoprotegerin (OPG) is important in osteogenesis to prevent any relapse. EGCG may induce BMP2, RUNX2 and also ALP in osteogenesis process. Whereas, SHEDs may differentiate osteogenic with osteoblast markers expressions such as RUNX2, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, SHEDs form calcium matrix minerals for osteogenic formation. Freeze-dried EGCG and SHED scaffold may have the potential to induce osteogenesis as a biocompatible material for anti-relapse post-orthodontic treatment.