Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (Fdbb) Scaffold Increase Expression of Alp and Col-1 in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell (Huc-Msc) Culture

Repair of bone defects can be done using tissue engineering involving a combination of scaffold, stem cells, and growth factors. The natural scaffold that is commonly used is Deproteinized Bovine Bone Material (DBBM), but it is only osteoconductive and not osteoinductive and has slow biodegradation. Another alternative to the scaffold is Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (FDBB) which has better osteoconductive properties and decellularization scaffold called decellularization Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone (dc-FDBB). In the tissue engineering process, scaffold can induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts which then form the bone matrix. The process of osteoblast formation will affect the increase in Collagen type 1 (COL-1) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) genes. The bjective to compare the expression of COL-1 and ALP on FDBB and DBBM scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The study was an in vitro laboratory experiment on human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSC). There were five treatment groups, group 1 immersion of hUC-MSC on basic medium, group 2 immersion of hUC-MSC on osteogenic medium, group 3 FDBB on osteogenic medium, group 4 decellularized dc-FDBB on osteogenic medium, and group 5 DBBM on osteogenic medium. Furthermore, RT-PCR readings were carried out on the sixth and 12th days, with each sample replicated two times. Data analysis was carried out using the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. As a result Group 1 showed the highest mean of ALP and COL-1 expression compared to other groups on day six and day 12. One-way ANOVA analysis test showed p<0.05 which indicated a significant difference between groups in the expression of ALP and COL-1. In conclusion the FDBB scaffold showed the highest ALP and COL-1 expression when compared to the DBBM and dc-FDBB groups.