Food taboos and suggestions among Madurese pregnant women: a qualitative study

Background: Cultural factors influence food consumption, particularly among pregnant women. Beliefs in certain food-associated myths and taboos still exist in Madura Island. Therefore, this study aims to explore the food taboos and food suggestions among Madurese pregnant women. Methods: This qualitative study was carried out in Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, Indonesia. Data were collected from pregnant women, traditional birth attendants, and community leaders through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. Results: Foods that were mostly considered taboos for pregnant women were squid, shrimp, pineapple, kedondong, cabbage, cold water, and instant noodles. Food suggestions for pregnant women were rice, corn rice, skipjack tuna, tilapia fish, milkfish, egg, moringa leaves, apples, and coconut water. Conclusion: Many food taboos and food suggestions were applied for the pregnant women in Madura. Indigenous knowledge about the food suggestions can be good information in supporting nutrition education for the Madurese pregnant women.