Factors infuencing type 2 diabetes mellitus patients’ readiness, acceptance and barriers towards mobile apps adoption for medication adherence

Background: Medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains suboptimal and digital health interventions have been shown to enhance adherence and glycemic outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors influencing T2DM patients’ readiness, acceptance and barriers towards mobile apps adoption for medication adherence management. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 participants. The questionnaire was self-developed based on the previous qualitative study, underpinned by the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model and the questionnaire was validated. Data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially using partial least squares structural equation modelling and chi-square tests. Results: Factors influencing readiness included convenience, perceived benefits, openness to new technologies and digital literacy (p < 0.05). Perceived usefulness was influenced by age, healthcare professionals’ influence and engagement, while perceived ease of use was influenced by age, app interface, digital literacy and prior experience (p < 0.05). Barriers included low awareness, lack of perceived need, poor digital literacy, low learning motivation, vision problems, cost of app subscription, device availability and limited phone storage (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Selected factors influencing readiness, acceptance and barrier were highlighted in the findings. This study offers valuable insights to app developers, healthcare professionals and policy makers on possible targeted factors for effective interventions to empower T2DM patients in adopting digital health.