Extended-spectrum beta -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Eschericia coli from livestock

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes produced in Gram negative bacterial plasmids that already have resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common ESBL-producing bacteria and are often detected as the cause of urinary tract infections, pneumonia and sepsis. ESBL-producing bacteria are generally known as infectious agents and considered as nosocomial pathogens. In the last decade the existence of livestock as animals transmitting and spreading ESBL has become a potential issue of new threats to humans. In this study, we describe the nature of ESBL, ESBL which produces type E. coli from livestock, factors that influence ESBL, transmission to human health, epidemiology of ESBL that produces E. coli in a global view, ESBL treatment, and ESBL control. Livestock provide animal protein in the form of meat and milk that are included in the global supply chain of trade and food. Feces animal waste production is a potential source of contaminants for the possible spread of ESBL bacteria to humans and the environment. ESBL treatment in humans is still very limited so preventing the spread of infection through the one health principle approach is the best way that can be done.