Expression of interleukin-1β and TGF-Β due to induction with natural propolis extract and bovine bone graft combination in tooth extraction sockets leading to alveolar bone regeneration

Preserving an effective ridge during prosthodontic treatment constitutes a prerequisite of successful denture production. An innovative material combining propolis extract with bovine bone graft is regarded as effective in inducing expression of TGF-β and IL-1β, in addition to proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. To determine the combination effect of propolis extract and bovine bone graft on the expression of IL-1 and TGF-β. 28 Cavia cobaya subjects were divided into four groups, each containing seven members. Group I subjects were administered poly ethylene glycol (PEG), Group II subjects received bovine bone graft with PEG, Group III subjects were treated with propolis extract with PEG, and Group IV subjects were given a combination of bovine bone graft, propolis extract and PEG. On day 30, the subjects were sacrificed and paraffin blocks were prepared for immunohistochemical examination. The expressions of IL-1 and TGF-β were subsequently counted with a light microscope at 400x magnification. Finally, one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were performed (p > 0.05). Significant differences existed in the expression of IL-1β and TGF-β between the four groups, the highest expression of TGF-β and the lowest expression of IL-1β both occurring in Group IV. The combination of propolis extract and bovine bone graft increases TGF-β expression in osteoblast cell formation, reduces IL-1β expression, and decreases the number of osteoclast cells during alveolar bone regeneration.