Exploring the Protective Efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus Against Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) Expression in Mice Induced with Canine Coronavirus Vaccine

The proposed study investigates the protective effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus against the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the pulmonary section of mice induced with canine coronavirus (CCoV) vaccine. The research utilized male mice (Mus musculus) aged two to three months, divided into three groups: a control group administered with normal saline (D0), a CCoV-induced group (D1), and a group induced with CCoV along with 1 mL/kg body weight of Lactobacillus acidophilus for seven days (D2). The CCoV vaccine was administered subcutaneously at 0.5 mL/kg body weight, while the Lactobacillus acidophilus isolate was given orally for seven days. On the eighth day, all mouse groups were euthanized, and tissue samples were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. The findings revealed that CCoV vaccine induction in the treatment group resulted in duodenal mucosa haemorrhage, necrosis, and severe inflammation. Conversely, in the group treated with Lactobacillus acidophilus, tissue damage was inhibited, demonstrating the protective effect of the probiotic. Lactobacillus acidophilus effectively mitigated lung, liver, and duodenal damage by reducing the expressions of TNF-αand IL-1β in mice.