Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity from Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Calyx Extracts as a Potential Agent for Bone Tissue Engineering

Roselle, also known as Hibiscus sabdariffa L., is a plant that is quite easy to grow, making it a viable option for developing nations. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as organic acids, phytosterols, and polyphenols. Research suggests that the extract from roselle calyx shows promise as a potential agent for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Osteoblasts are cells that play an important role in bone tissue engineering. However, the potential toxicity effect of roselle extract on osteoblasts is yet to be determined. The dried roselle calyx was extracted using 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was then divided into four concentrations: 15 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites of the extract. The cytotoxicity activity against osteoblast cells was evaluated using the MTT Assay. Roselle calyx extract has alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The results show that all four concentrations had non-toxic effects, with viabilities exceeding 70%. The highest viability was at 30 mg/ml (241%), followed by 25 mg/ml (134%), 20 mg/ml (99%), and the lowest at 15 mg/ml (77%). Roselle calyx extract shows potential as an agent for bone tissue engineering and regeneration.