Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy as Candidate Tools to Detect Bone Fracture

There has been an increase in cases of bone fractures from 1990 to 2019 with a total of 178 million cases worldwide. Indonesia has a fracture injury prevalence of 5.5% with the distribution of injuries to the upper extremities 32.7% and 67.9% to the lower extremities. Treatment of bone fractures is generally done by radiological examination. X-ray is a tool that is commonly used to detect bone fractures because it is the easiest and fastest. However, the use of X-rays in the long term can cause radiation effects of ionizing radiation. Therefore, it is necessary to use alternative imaging methods. One method that can be considered for detecting fractures without causing radiation effects is bio-impedance. Basically, biological systems have both resistive and capacitive properties. If a voltage or electric current is injected with a frequency variation, an electrical impedance spectrum will be obtained which is a characteristic of biological tissue called Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The impedance spectrum is directly related to the properties of body tissues. This research was conducted using an EIS based on Analog Discovery, a phantom 3D Printed Model of femur made from Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) as a phantom of human femur bones with normal bone and bone fractures. Impedance measurements were carried out with a frequency variation range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz. Based on the impedance spectrum data, information is obtained that there is a difference between normal bone and fracture. The position of the VCCS electrodes and the voltage meter affects the sensitivity of the measurement of bone fractures.