TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficiency of botryococcus sp. In photobioreactor treatment system for nutrient removal from greywater
AU - Wurochekke, Anwaruddin
AU - Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin
AU - Al-Gheethi, Adel
AU - Fitriani, Nurina
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the Ph.D. thesis of Wurochekke Anwaruddin Ahmed (2017). Phycoremediation of Artificial Bathroom Greywater in Village Houses using Microalgae Botryococcus sp. Ph.D. UTHM.) from which this manuscript is derived. The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education Malaysia (KPM) for providing the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) with reference code: FRGS/1/2019/WAB05/UTHM/02/5 (Modification of Bead Adsorbents with Ceramic Sanitary Ware Waste (CSWW) and Chitosan for Laundry Greywater (LGW) Safe Disposal) and contract grant H377 as financial support for this research project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Direct discharge of household bathroom greywater into drains is one of the main causes of eutrophication in natural water bodies. The current work aimed to study the removal of nutrients 3+ (ammonium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and orthophosphate [PO4 ]) from greywater (collected from four houses) by phycoremediation process using Botryococcus sp. in a photobioreactor. A laborato-ry-scale greywater treatment system was set up by using a photobioreactor tank with Botryococcus sp., and the treatment process was conducted at ambient temperature of 25°C–35°C for 21 d. The results reveal that greywater has pH between 6.1 and 8.27, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ) and chemical oxygen demand values in the range from 46 to 199 mg/L and from 76 to 438 mg/L respec-tively, and total suspended solids ranged from 29 to 245 mg/L. NO3 –N ranged from 1.03 to 7.54 mg/L 3+ and PO4 ranged from 0.12 to 22.7 mg/L. The maximum growth of Botryococcus sp. with an initial inoculum of 105 cell/mL was between 6 to 8 d (1.96 × 106 cell/mL). Meanwhile, an initial inoculation of 106 cell/mL resulted in maximum growth after 7 d (2.89 × 107 cell/mL) in greywater collected from House A. The removal of ammonium by Botryococcus sp. reached 87% from greywater in House A after 21 d and 77% from greywater in House D. In contrast, the total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal was 99.7% and the removal of PO4 –P was 78.7%. These results prove the efficiency of Botryococcus sp. in NO3 –N and PO4 –P removal from greywater. It can be concluded that the photobioreactor with Botryococcus sp. used in the present study exhibited an efficiency for removing the nutrients from bathroom greywater.
AB - Direct discharge of household bathroom greywater into drains is one of the main causes of eutrophication in natural water bodies. The current work aimed to study the removal of nutrients 3+ (ammonium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and orthophosphate [PO4 ]) from greywater (collected from four houses) by phycoremediation process using Botryococcus sp. in a photobioreactor. A laborato-ry-scale greywater treatment system was set up by using a photobioreactor tank with Botryococcus sp., and the treatment process was conducted at ambient temperature of 25°C–35°C for 21 d. The results reveal that greywater has pH between 6.1 and 8.27, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 ) and chemical oxygen demand values in the range from 46 to 199 mg/L and from 76 to 438 mg/L respec-tively, and total suspended solids ranged from 29 to 245 mg/L. NO3 –N ranged from 1.03 to 7.54 mg/L 3+ and PO4 ranged from 0.12 to 22.7 mg/L. The maximum growth of Botryococcus sp. with an initial inoculum of 105 cell/mL was between 6 to 8 d (1.96 × 106 cell/mL). Meanwhile, an initial inoculation of 106 cell/mL resulted in maximum growth after 7 d (2.89 × 107 cell/mL) in greywater collected from House A. The removal of ammonium by Botryococcus sp. reached 87% from greywater in House A after 21 d and 77% from greywater in House D. In contrast, the total Kjeldahl nitrogen removal was 99.7% and the removal of PO4 –P was 78.7%. These results prove the efficiency of Botryococcus sp. in NO3 –N and PO4 –P removal from greywater. It can be concluded that the photobioreactor with Botryococcus sp. used in the present study exhibited an efficiency for removing the nutrients from bathroom greywater.
KW - Botryococcus sp
KW - Microalgae
KW - Personal care products
KW - Photobioreactor
KW - Phycoremediation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107435735&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5004/dwt.2021.27087
DO - 10.5004/dwt.2021.27087
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85107435735
SN - 1944-3994
VL - 222
SP - 336
EP - 345
JO - Desalination and Water Treatment
JF - Desalination and Water Treatment
ER -