Effects of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) flower extracts on various inflammatory and bone apposition biomarkers during orthodontic tooth movement: An experimental animal study

Background: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower extract (RFE) can potentially be an adjuvant in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in the alveolar bone (AB) by regulating inflammatory response, and bone remodeling through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), heat shock protein (HSP)-10, HSP-70, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin expression. Objective: To investigate TNF-α, NF-κB, HSP-10, HSP-70, ALP, and osteocalcin expression after RFE administration during OTM in the AB in vivo. Materials and methods: Forty healthy male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into two groups, OTM group (K) and OTM with RFE group (KP). An 8-mm nickel-titanium closed coil spring and a ligature wire linked from the first upper left molar to the central incisor at a light force of 10 g. The rats received RFE administration using a blunt microneedle and a 0.01-ml dosage on the gingiva sulcus of a molar on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 and were then sacrificed, respectively. The ALP, osteocalcin, NFκβ, TNF-α, HSP-10, and HSP-70 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically. Result: The highest HSP-70, NFκβ, and TNF-α expressions on the compression side of the AB found on day 1 were significantly different between the groups (p ≤ 0.05). The highest expressions of ALP and HSP-10 on the tension side were found on day 7. Meanwhile, the highest osteocalcin expression found on day 21 was significantly different between the groups (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: RFE decreased TNF-α, NF-κB, and HSP-70 expression and enhanced osteocalcin and ALP expression in the AB during OTM in Wistar rats (R. novergicus).