Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lampung Robusta Coffee Extract on Shigella flexneri Induced Balb/C Mice; A Review of Colon Histopathology and Lymphocytes

Diarrhea is a disease that is still a health problem worldwide; one of the causes is Shigella flexneri. Non-dairy probiotic functional foods and beverages are gaining popularity, with researchers seeking to assuage consumer concerns regarding lactose intolerance and veganism. Coffee has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. This study aims to determine the effect of a mixture of Lampung Robusta coffee extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria on the colon of BalbC mice that experience diarrhea after being induced by Shigella flexneri. Twenty 3-to 4-month-old mice weighing 35–50 grams were randomly divided into three treatment groups (125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW) and a control group. The treatment and positive control groups were induced with Lactobacillus acidophilus 6x108 suspension using the sonde technique. The negative control group was not treated. Mice experienced diarrhea twice in 24 hours after induction. Each treatment group was given 0.4 ml of Lampung Robusta coffee extract and 0.5 ml of Lactobacillus acidophilus 1.5x108 for five days. On day 8, the colon of the mice was taken and processed histologically, and hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed. Inflammation, bleeding, congestion, and necrosis were observed. This study showed significant differences in each parameter (P < 0.05). Lymphocytes were only found around the inflammatory cells, with a small amount in the positive control, 125 mg/kg BW, and 500mg/kg BW treatments. However, not found in negative control and 250 mg/kg BW.