Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum IS-10506 on Paneth Cell Regeneration in the Ileum of Sprague Dawley Rats

Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common infectious agent among children in developing countries. Indigenous probiotics are not widely used to treat diarrhea and intestinal infections. This study aims to investigate the cell regeneration process of paneth cells after administration of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 due to damage caused by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) E. coli O55:B5, through the expression of MATH-1 and DEFA-6. Methods: This study used 64 paraffin blocks from Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague-Dawley divided into four groups. There were three treatments, KN, KL, KP and KPR groups, The KN group represent the administration of placebo. The KL group received LPS E. coli O55:B5 on day one. The KP group received LPS E. coli O55:B5 on the first day and Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 on the second day until six-day. The KPR group were administered Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 six days prior to receiving LPS E. coli O55:B5, respectively. All groups, except KN, received LPS at a dose of 250 μg/kg body weight once, and Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 at a dose of 2.86x10¹⁰ CFU/ day. Evaluating paneth cell regeneration, DEFA-6, and MATH-1 expression immunohistochemistry was conducted on all tissues. Results: The expression of DEFA-6 and MATH-1 in the KP and KPR groups on day three of observation was significantly higher from the KL group. Even though the KL group achieved significant growth, the results of this expansion were significantly smaller than KP and KPR groups. Conclusion: After mucosal injury caused by LPS E. coli O55:B5, administration of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 may increase paneth cell regeneration through differentiation and cell number.