Effect of freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft on tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

– Alveolar bone augmentation requires the use of bone graft particles to promote bone formation. Freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (FDBBX) is a type of bone substitute may be potential as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. However, since it is xenogeneic material, it may trigger body’s immune response and cause early resorption of the graft. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a cytokine which is released rapidly after trauma or infection and is one of the most abundant mediators in inflammation tissue. The immune system and immune response play a very important role in the concept of bone healing. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) is a critical component of the immune system which release TNF-α. This study aims to evaluate FDBBX effect on the secretion of TNF-á in hPBMCs culture. hPBMC cultures were divided into two groups. In experimental groups, the cell was cultured in FDBX conditioned medium of 2.5% dilution while in control group, basic medium was used. After 1, 3, 5 days of culture, the cells were harvested for ELISA to analyze TNF-α secretion. TNF-α secretion in experimental groups was found significantly higher than that of control groups on 1, 3, and 5 days of observation. However, there were consistent decline in TNF-á secretion in both groups along observation periods. Freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft may induce increase of TNF-α secretion in vitro but does not cause prolonged inflammatory response.