TY - JOUR
T1 - Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge
T2 - insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products
AU - Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
AU - Pambudi, Dwi Sasmita Aji
AU - Ahmad, Mahasin Maulana
AU - Alfanda, Benedicta Dian
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
AU - Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/3
Y1 - 2022/3
N2 - Since the implementation of the International Maritime Organization 2004 regulation, most ships have been equipped with on-dock ballast water treatment. While this method is effective in solving the invasive alien species problem, concerns are raised due to the potential release of disinfection by-products (DBPs) as the result of the chemical treatment. This review paper aims to summarize the history of ballast water management (BWM) and the currently used on-dock technology. Chlorination, oxidation, and ozonation are highlighted as the most currently applied methods to treat ballast water on-dock. This paper then focuses on the potential release of toxic DBPs as the result of the selected corresponding treatment methods. Tri-halo methane, haloacetic acid, and several acetic acid-related compounds are emphasized as toxic DBPs with concentrations reaching more than 10 μg/L. The potential toxicities of DBPs, including acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity, to aquatic organisms, are then discussed in detail. Future research directions related to the advanced treatment of DBPs before final discharge and analysis of DBPs in coastal sediments, which are barely studied at present, are suggested to enhance the current knowledge on the fate and the ecological impact of BWM.
AB - Since the implementation of the International Maritime Organization 2004 regulation, most ships have been equipped with on-dock ballast water treatment. While this method is effective in solving the invasive alien species problem, concerns are raised due to the potential release of disinfection by-products (DBPs) as the result of the chemical treatment. This review paper aims to summarize the history of ballast water management (BWM) and the currently used on-dock technology. Chlorination, oxidation, and ozonation are highlighted as the most currently applied methods to treat ballast water on-dock. This paper then focuses on the potential release of toxic DBPs as the result of the selected corresponding treatment methods. Tri-halo methane, haloacetic acid, and several acetic acid-related compounds are emphasized as toxic DBPs with concentrations reaching more than 10 μg/L. The potential toxicities of DBPs, including acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity, to aquatic organisms, are then discussed in detail. Future research directions related to the advanced treatment of DBPs before final discharge and analysis of DBPs in coastal sediments, which are barely studied at present, are suggested to enhance the current knowledge on the fate and the ecological impact of BWM.
KW - Cargo
KW - Environmental pollution
KW - Marine pollution
KW - Ship
KW - Toxin
KW - Transportation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126560743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09107
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09107
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85126560743
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 8
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 3
M1 - e09107
ER -
