TY - JOUR
T1 - Distilled liquid smoke coconut shell attenuates the cytokine profile of macrophages in oral ulcer in experimental model of diabetes mellitus
AU - Surboyo, Meircurius Dwi Condro
AU - Emawati, Diah Savitri
AU - Radithia, Desiana
AU - Soebadi, Bagus
AU - Mahdani, Fatma Yasmin
AU - Ayuningtyas, Nurina Febriyanti
AU - Adji, Fiona Cherrilia
AU - Larasati, Novia Ambar
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Kementerian Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia in 2019 with grant number 6/E/KTP/2019.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo et al. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - The effects of distilled liquid smoke coconut shell (DLS-CS) on the macrophages and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cytokine profiles, that is, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were analyzed in oral ulcer tissues affected by diabetes mellitus. Wistar rats were injected with alloxan to create diabetes mellitus, and an oral ulcer was made in the inferior labial fornix mucosa. The rats were treated with DLS-CS 20 µl/20 g body weight, topically, once a day for 3, 5, and 7 days. The Nrf2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β profiles were analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining and the macrophage count with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The Nrf2 profile was increased after 5 days of treatment and the IL-1β profile was consistently decreased (p < 0.05). The IL-6 profile started to decrease after 5 days, while the macrophages increased after 3 and 5 days. No significant difference was found in TNF-α expression. DLS-CS proved effective in decreasing IL-6 and IL-1β profiles as well as increasing Nrf2 and macrophage migration in oral ulcers with diabetes mellitus.
AB - The effects of distilled liquid smoke coconut shell (DLS-CS) on the macrophages and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cytokine profiles, that is, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were analyzed in oral ulcer tissues affected by diabetes mellitus. Wistar rats were injected with alloxan to create diabetes mellitus, and an oral ulcer was made in the inferior labial fornix mucosa. The rats were treated with DLS-CS 20 µl/20 g body weight, topically, once a day for 3, 5, and 7 days. The Nrf2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β profiles were analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining and the macrophage count with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The Nrf2 profile was increased after 5 days of treatment and the IL-1β profile was consistently decreased (p < 0.05). The IL-6 profile started to decrease after 5 days, while the macrophages increased after 3 and 5 days. No significant difference was found in TNF-α expression. DLS-CS proved effective in decreasing IL-6 and IL-1β profiles as well as increasing Nrf2 and macrophage migration in oral ulcers with diabetes mellitus.
KW - Distilled liquid smoke coconut shell
KW - diabetes mellitus
KW - macrophages
KW - oral ulcer
KW - proinflammatory cytokines
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112799516&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.7324/JAPS.2021.110809
DO - 10.7324/JAPS.2021.110809
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85112799516
SN - 2231-3354
VL - 11
SP - 62
EP - 69
JO - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
JF - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
IS - 8
ER -
