TY - JOUR
T1 - [Desarrollo de una vacuna de glicoproteína spike multiepítopo para combatir el SARS-CoV-2 utilizando el enfoque bioinformático]
AU - Shehzad, Aamir
AU - Sumartono, Christijogo
AU - Nugraha, Jusak
AU - Susilowati, Helen
AU - Wijaya, Andi Yasmin
AU - Ahmad, Hafiz Ishfaq
AU - Kashif, Muhammad
AU - Tyasningsih, Wiwiek
AU - Rantam, Fedik Abdul
N1 - Funding Information:
Professor Fedik Abdul Rantam entirely funded the current study as Director of Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development Institute of Tropical Disease (RCVTD-ITD) at Universitas Airlangga Surabaya, Indonesia. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance provided by the Institute of Tropical Disease at Universitas Airlangga in Surabaya, Indonesia. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Context: The current COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and socio-economic status worldwide. The only way to combat this situation is to develop an effective vaccine and immunize people around the globe. Aims: To construct a multi-epitope spike glycoprotein-based vaccine from the SARS-CoV-2 Surabaya isolate using a bioinformatics approach. Methods: The spike protein was submitted to IEDB, VaxiJen, AllerTOP, and ToxinPred webservers to predict antigenic, non-allergic, non-toxic, B- and T-cell epitopes. To develop a multi-epitope vaccine, an adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit was linked to B-cell and B-cell with T-cell through EAAAK and GPGPG linkers, respectively. The designed vaccine 3D structure development, refinement, and validation were done through PHYRE2, Galaxy Refine, and RAMPAGE webservers. Moreover, the Cluspro-2.0 webserver was used for the molecular docking of the vaccine designed with TLR3. The vaccine+TLR3 complex was docked with Surfactant protein A as a control to validate the docking results. Finally, immune-simulation and in silico cloning of the vaccine were carried out by C-ImmSim webserver and SnapGene software, respectively. Results: A multi-epitopic vaccine containing B and T-cell was developed using 392 amino acids with a molecular weight of 40825.59 Da. The docking and immunogenicity results of the vaccine met all established parameters for constructing a quality vaccine. Furthermore, the optimized sequence of the vaccine was successfully cloned in expression vector pET 28 a (+) that yielded a colon of 2724 bp. Conclusions: The vaccine's immunogenicity demonstrates its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further confirmatory testing may therefore be performed as soon as possible in the public interest.
AB - Context: The current COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted health and socio-economic status worldwide. The only way to combat this situation is to develop an effective vaccine and immunize people around the globe. Aims: To construct a multi-epitope spike glycoprotein-based vaccine from the SARS-CoV-2 Surabaya isolate using a bioinformatics approach. Methods: The spike protein was submitted to IEDB, VaxiJen, AllerTOP, and ToxinPred webservers to predict antigenic, non-allergic, non-toxic, B- and T-cell epitopes. To develop a multi-epitope vaccine, an adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit was linked to B-cell and B-cell with T-cell through EAAAK and GPGPG linkers, respectively. The designed vaccine 3D structure development, refinement, and validation were done through PHYRE2, Galaxy Refine, and RAMPAGE webservers. Moreover, the Cluspro-2.0 webserver was used for the molecular docking of the vaccine designed with TLR3. The vaccine+TLR3 complex was docked with Surfactant protein A as a control to validate the docking results. Finally, immune-simulation and in silico cloning of the vaccine were carried out by C-ImmSim webserver and SnapGene software, respectively. Results: A multi-epitopic vaccine containing B and T-cell was developed using 392 amino acids with a molecular weight of 40825.59 Da. The docking and immunogenicity results of the vaccine met all established parameters for constructing a quality vaccine. Furthermore, the optimized sequence of the vaccine was successfully cloned in expression vector pET 28 a (+) that yielded a colon of 2724 bp. Conclusions: The vaccine's immunogenicity demonstrates its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further confirmatory testing may therefore be performed as soon as possible in the public interest.
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - TLR3-receptor
KW - in silico
KW - public health
KW - spike protein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127945104&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85127945104
SN - 0719-4250
VL - 10
SP - 445
EP - 458
JO - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research
JF - Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacognosy Research
IS - 3
ER -