TY - JOUR
T1 - Degradation of Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm and quantity of reactive oxygen species due to a combination of photodynamic therapy and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite
AU - Zubaidah, Nanik
AU - Sukaton, null
AU - Kunarti, Sri
AU - Ariani, Meidi Kurnia
AU - Setiady, Dawailatur Rahman
AU - Lashari, Dur Muhammad
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge laboratory support from the Dental Research Center of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: The persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system is one of the leading causes of root canal treatment failure. Biofilms of putative pathogens hidden inside dentin tubules and other root canal ramifications may limit current disinfection protocols. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a wavelength of 628 nm can be used as an antimicrobial strategy that uses low-power laser energy to activate a non-toxic photosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen with the ability to kill microorganisms in root canals. Fusobacterium nucleatum was used because this bacterium is one of the bacteria involved in root canal infection. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the bactericidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, PDT, and a combination of PDT and NaOCl 2.5% against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: Mature biofilm Fusobacterium nucleatum was divided into four groups according to the protocol of decontamination: K1 (negative control – biofilm), K2 (NaOCl 2.5%), K3 (PDT), and K4 (NaOCl 2.5% + PDT). Biofilm degradation was observed using optical density (OD) at 570 nm using a microplate reader. A reactive oxygen species quantity check was carried out using a nitroblue tetrazolium test, and OD observation was done with a microplate reader at 540 nm. Results: Group 4 (NaOCl 2.5% + PDT) showed more biofilm bacteria elimination than the other groups. Conclusion: A combination of PDT and NaOCl 2.5% can be considered an effective protocol for the elimination of Fusobacterium nucleatum. There is a potentiation relationship between NaOCl 2.5% and PDT FotoSan. Biofilm degradation occurs because of the effect of antibacterial NaOCl 2.5% and the irradiation effect of the Toluidine blue O photosensitizer.
AB - Background: The persistence of microorganisms in the root canal system is one of the leading causes of root canal treatment failure. Biofilms of putative pathogens hidden inside dentin tubules and other root canal ramifications may limit current disinfection protocols. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with a wavelength of 628 nm can be used as an antimicrobial strategy that uses low-power laser energy to activate a non-toxic photosensitizer to produce singlet oxygen with the ability to kill microorganisms in root canals. Fusobacterium nucleatum was used because this bacterium is one of the bacteria involved in root canal infection. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the bactericidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, PDT, and a combination of PDT and NaOCl 2.5% against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: Mature biofilm Fusobacterium nucleatum was divided into four groups according to the protocol of decontamination: K1 (negative control – biofilm), K2 (NaOCl 2.5%), K3 (PDT), and K4 (NaOCl 2.5% + PDT). Biofilm degradation was observed using optical density (OD) at 570 nm using a microplate reader. A reactive oxygen species quantity check was carried out using a nitroblue tetrazolium test, and OD observation was done with a microplate reader at 540 nm. Results: Group 4 (NaOCl 2.5% + PDT) showed more biofilm bacteria elimination than the other groups. Conclusion: A combination of PDT and NaOCl 2.5% can be considered an effective protocol for the elimination of Fusobacterium nucleatum. There is a potentiation relationship between NaOCl 2.5% and PDT FotoSan. Biofilm degradation occurs because of the effect of antibacterial NaOCl 2.5% and the irradiation effect of the Toluidine blue O photosensitizer.
KW - Fusobacterium nucleatum
KW - dentistry
KW - medicine
KW - photodynamic therapy
KW - sodium hypochlorite
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85153965069&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.20473/J.DJMKG.V56.I2.P132-138
DO - 10.20473/J.DJMKG.V56.I2.P132-138
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153965069
SN - 1978-3728
VL - 56
SP - 132
EP - 138
JO - Dental Journal
JF - Dental Journal
IS - 2
ER -