Cytokines and chemokines in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: A review

Chemokine and cytokine that recognized in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is critical to anticipate or distinguish the inflammation in the bone remodeling. Chemokine and cytokine during OTM which happens toward in the initial of this procedure as a response to mechanical force. Chemokine and cytokine can be recognized in GCF were secreted consecutively in different phase of OTM. The purpose of this study is to describe that there are cytokines and chemokine that stimulate the osteoclast or osteoblast activity during OTM, for instance, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a). This study method with precise audit utilizes one database, PubMed as a database and as indicated by the pursuit utilizes the free content term, in particular cytokines and chemokine during OTM. The consequences of the study show that there were some cytokine and chemokine play important role during OTM. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression was found in 24 hours and an expansion in Receptor activator of nuclear factor k B (RANK) and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-b) expression following 7 days was detected. Others inflammatory mediators for example, IL-1b, which increment most quickly 1 minute or following 4 hours, Receptor activator of nuclear factor k B Ligand (RANKL) following 42 days or following 24 hours and 24 hours, IL-8 following 4 hours or 10 days was detected.