Correlation between Serum S100β Protein Levels and Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury as measured by the FOUR Score and Rotterdam CT Score

The severity of traumatic brain injury can be anticipated through various factors, one of which is the S100β protein biomarker known for its high sensitivity and specificity. A scoring system called the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness score (FOUR score) can also be used to evaluate impaired consciousness due to brain tissue damage, especially in intubated patients, as an alternative method to forecast outcomes and mortality in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Additionally, a CT scan is still necessary to determine the seriousness of traumatic brain injury, which can be evaluated with the Rotterdam CT score. This research aims to examine the association between S100β protein levels and the severity of traumatic brain injury as determined by the FOUR score and the Rotterdam CT score. It was a cross-sectional observational study involving 31 traumatic brain injury patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The participants’ S100β protein levels, FOUR score, and Rotterdam CT score were documented upon their arrival at the hospital’s emergency department. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 26 software with a significance level of p < 0.05. Among the 31 patients with traumatic brain injury, their S100β protein levels were measured, FOUR score was determined through clinical assessment, and Rotterdam CT score was assessed through radiological imaging. The S100β protein levels in the blood serum of traumatic brain injury patients ranged from 185.84 to 2738.31 (μg/L). The average FOUR score was 7.97 ± 2.6. The average Rotterdam CT score was 3.90 ± 1.60. The correlation analysis revealed a negative association between S100β protein levels and the FOUR score among traumatic brain injury patients. There was a consistent relationship between S100β protein levels and the Rotterdam CT score in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a connection exists between S100β protein levels and both the FOUR score and the Rotterdam CT score.