Concentration and non-dietary human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in soil of farms in Golestan province, Iran

Detection of pesticide residues in soil samples was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS. Non-dietary health risk assessment was conducted using calculate chronic daily intake (CDI) from ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact pathways and following non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in the adults and adolescent. The rank order of pesticide in soil based on their concentration was malathion (0.082 mg kg⁻¹)> cyproconazole (0.019 mg kg⁻¹)> propargite (0.018 mg kg⁻¹)> butachlor (0.016 mg kg⁻¹) > chlorpyrifos (0.0067 mg kg⁻¹)> diazinon (0.0014 mg kg⁻¹)> imidacloprid (0.0007 mg kg⁻¹). Hazard index (HI) values obtained of exposure to pesticides in soil in adults and adolescent were 0.0012 and 0.0035, respectively. Hence, exposed population are at the acceptable range of non-carcinogenic risk (HI < 1). Cancer risk (CR) values due to propargite in soil via ingestion pathway in adults and adolescent were 2.03E–09 and 2.08E–09, respectively; therefore, carcinogenic risk due to the exposure to pesticide contaminated soil was safe range (CR < 1E–06).