TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparison Direct Synthesis of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Carbon Nanodots as Dual Active Targeting and Imaging of HeLa Cancer Cells
AU - Aung, Yu Yu
AU - Wibrianto, Aswandi
AU - Sianturi, Jefry S.
AU - Ulfa, Desita K.
AU - Sakti, Satya C.W.
AU - Irzaman, Irzaman
AU - Yuliarto, Brian
AU - Chang, Jia Yaw
AU - Kwee, Yaung
AU - Fahmi, Mochamad Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Ministry of Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia for their research support under contract no. 808/UN3.14/LT/2020 and Universitas Airlangga for research facilities.
Publisher Copyright:
©
PY - 2021/5/25
Y1 - 2021/5/25
N2 - The present study explores the potential of carbon nanodots (CDs) synthesized from hyaluronic acid using microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted methods as bioimaging agents for cancer cells. The investigation on the effect of microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted times (2 min and 2 h) on determining CD character is dominantly discussed. Various CDs, such as HA-P1 and HA-P2 were, respectively, synthesized through the furnace-assisted method at 270 °C for 2 min and 2 h, whereas HA-M1 and HA-M2 were synthesized with the microwave-assisted method for 2 min and 2 h, respectively. Overall, various CDs were produced with an average diameter, with the maximum absorption of HA-P1, HA-P2, HA-M1, and HA-M2 at 234, 238, 221, and 217 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of these CDs showed particular emissions at 320 nm and excitation wavelengths from 340 to 400 nm. Several characterizations such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy reveal the CD properties such as amorphous structures, existence of D bands and G bands, and hydrophilic property supported with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The quantum yields of HA-M1, HA-M2, HA-P1, and HA-P2 were 12, 7, 9, and 23%, respectively. The cytotoxicity and in vitro activity were verified by a cell counting kit-8 assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, which show a low toxicity with the percentage of living cells above 80%.
AB - The present study explores the potential of carbon nanodots (CDs) synthesized from hyaluronic acid using microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted methods as bioimaging agents for cancer cells. The investigation on the effect of microwave-assisted and furnace-assisted times (2 min and 2 h) on determining CD character is dominantly discussed. Various CDs, such as HA-P1 and HA-P2 were, respectively, synthesized through the furnace-assisted method at 270 °C for 2 min and 2 h, whereas HA-M1 and HA-M2 were synthesized with the microwave-assisted method for 2 min and 2 h, respectively. Overall, various CDs were produced with an average diameter, with the maximum absorption of HA-P1, HA-P2, HA-M1, and HA-M2 at 234, 238, 221, and 217 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of these CDs showed particular emissions at 320 nm and excitation wavelengths from 340 to 400 nm. Several characterizations such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy reveal the CD properties such as amorphous structures, existence of D bands and G bands, and hydrophilic property supported with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The quantum yields of HA-M1, HA-M2, HA-P1, and HA-P2 were 12, 7, 9, and 23%, respectively. The cytotoxicity and in vitro activity were verified by a cell counting kit-8 assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy, which show a low toxicity with the percentage of living cells above 80%.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106457661&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsomega.1c01287
DO - 10.1021/acsomega.1c01287
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106457661
SN - 2470-1343
VL - 6
SP - 13300
EP - 13309
JO - ACS Omega
JF - ACS Omega
IS - 20
ER -
