Comparative Study of Biomechanical Characteristics of Deproteinized and Decellularized Bovine Bone Block Scaffold

Jawbone reconstruction often requires bone grafts, with Deproteinized Bovine Bone Material (DBBM) being the current standard. However, DBBM has limitations, especially in its load-bearing capacity. Alternatives like Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (FDBB) and decellularized Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (dc-FDBB) are being explored, but their inconsistent composition affects their strength and flexibility, which are crucial for effective jawbone grafts. Material and This research uses Deproteinized Bovine Bone Material (DBBM), Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (FDBB), and Decellularized Freeze Dried Bovine Bone (dc-FDBB) scaffolds, each size 1x1x1cm. Each GROUP of scaffold will be tested for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. Each test will be performed on 5 samples per group, resulting in a total of 30 samples divided into groups. The compressive strength and modulus of elasticity tests will be conducted using an autograph with a load capacity of 600kN. In this study, FTIR (Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy testing was also conducted to identify the functional groups of chemical compounds in each scaffold. The results of the compressive strength test, DBBM produced an average compressive strength of 0.836 N/mm2. In the compressive strength test, FDBB produced an average compressive strength of 16.5 N/mm2 and dc-FDBB produced an average compressive strength of 29.8 N/mm2. On DBBM, the average modulus of elasticity is 99.8 N/mm2. On FDBB, the average modulus of elasticity is 48.4 N/mm2. On dc-FDBB, the average modulus of elasticity is 146.3 N/mm2. The identification results of the functional groups of DBBM, FDBB, and dc-FDBB scaffolds are marked by the presence of hydroxyl (PO43-) and carbonate (CO32-) groups. DBBM has a small amount of hydroxyl ion peaks not reaching 600 cm-1. The peaks for PO43- and CO32- ions are not found. FDBB has PO43- and CO32- ion peaks. The PO43- peak is at 1101cm-1, and the CO32- peak is at 1426 cm-1. dc-FDBB also has PO43- and CO32- ion peaks. The PO43- peak is at 1205 cm-1, and the CO32- peak is at 1548 cm-1. Phosphate and carbonate ions strengthen materials, with higher concentrations leading to greater compressive strength. FTIR analysis identifies material properties but doesn't directly alter the relationship between elasticity and strength. Instead, FTIR helps understand how chemical structure influences a material's mechanical performance.