Characterization of a biocomposite film using coconut jelly powder to improve arrowroot starch and sodium alginate film forming properties

Composite polymers are promising solution to structural setbacks of starch and alginate-based films due to their hydrophilic attributes. Hence, this study aimed to investigate young coconut jelly powder (CJP), an under-utilized by-waste, as a filler using the casting method to develop a novel biocomposite from increments of CJP (1–3 %) to a blended resin of arrowroot starch, sodium alginate, and glycerol. Moreover, the films were characterized by physicomechanical (visual aspect, thickness, color, moisture content, tensile strength, and elongation at break); surface microstructure; water barrier (water vapor permeability, water solubility, and water activities); thermal, crystallinity, and functional group properties; soil, river water, and seawater biodegradability; and coating application in cherry tomato. The results showed CJP improved tensile strength from 1.84 to 9.35 MPa and lowered moisture content from 33.44 to 18.92 %, and revealed compatibility within a semi-crystalline film matrix of high thermal stability, which depicted smooth surface areas and opacity suitable for packaging. The findings demonstrated faster biodegradability rates in soils (14–35 days) than water tests (152–180 days). Furthermore, coating significantly delayed weight loss while preserving visible color and flesh quality of the cherry tomato. In conclusion, the CJP-based biocomposite films presented a potential biodegradable eco-friendly alternative to the food packaging industry.