Cell Attachment and Biocompatibility Analysis of Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Scaffold and Decellularized Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Scaffold on Human-Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Culture

Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Scaffold (FDBB) and Decellularized Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone (DCFDBB) are promising new alternative of xenograft material in bone tissue engineering. However, their biocompatibility is still unknown. To investigate whether FDBB and DC-FDBB scaffolds are biocompatible, able to induce cell proliferation attachment in vitro. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) culture was exposed to FDBB, DC-FDBB, Deproteinized Bovine Bone Matrix (DBBM) scaffold (as positive control) conditioned medium for 24, 48 and 72 hours (n=8). MTT assay was then performed to measure the number of viable cells at each observation time. Normality (Shapiro-Wilk) and homogeneity (Levene) test were done on the results of the MTT assay, then ANOVA test was performed. To support the finding, further SEM observation was performed. hUC-MSCs were seeded on the surface of each scaffold type (n=3) and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 hours, then SEM observation was done on the scaffold surface to analyse their surface cell attachment. The mean percentage of living cells in FDBB group was the highest among all groups. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in each treatment group at each observation time, except between FDBB and DC-FDBB (48 hours), DC-FDBB and DBBM (48 hours), FDBB and DC-FDBB (72 hours) (p>0.05). SEM examination showed the same results, as the highest number of cell colonization was found on FDBB group at each observation time. FDBB and DC-FDBB scaffolds have good biocompatibility characteristics that can be used as a bone substitute in bone tissue engineering.