Cancer Diagnosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease Population: A Cross Sectional Study in Soetomo General Hospital

Hypertension as a global concern remains inadequately controlled, ultimately leading to cardiac structural and functional changes associated with hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Simultaneously, cancer, characterized with abnormal cell proliferation, exhibits diverse behaviours and responses to treatment strategies. Despite extensive efforts, certain type of cancers remains incurable, making both cardiovascular diseases and cancer the leading causes of non-communicable disease mortality in the world. To investigate this association, we conducted a cross-sectional study, reporting the incidence of cancer in the HHD population at Soetomo General Hospital. The population is characterized by a mean age of 58.1 years and a mean BMI of 25.9. We found a signifi cant association between sex and the duration of hypertension and the presence of cancer in the HHD population. Specifi cally, the data indicate that females with HHD have a higher likelihood of having certain cancer types particularly breast and gynaecologic cancers. Additional types of cancer included prostate, blood & lymphatic system, head & neck, lung, thyroid, and renal cancers. Unfortunately, the analysis failed to demonstrate the association between duration of hypertension and the presence of cancer. Notably, previous studies revealed that the correlation between cancer and hypertension is not linked to the administration of antihypertensive medications, as the risk is also observed in untreated patients. Several shared risk factors between hypertension and cancer imply the existence of overlap in molecular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both conditions. Future studies shall be conducted to explore further regarding the association of hypertension and cancer incidence with larger population and better- -designed research.