Callus induction and its metabolite profiles of Sonchus arvensis L. Under temperature treatment

Sonchus arvensis L. is medicinal plant that contained active compound and traditionally applied as an antioxidant, diuretic and gout. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of temperature on induction and metabolite profiles of callus S. arvensis L. This study used leaves which were incubated at temperatures of 26^oC, 4^o C and 34^o C on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with the addition of 1 mg/l 2, 4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 0.5 mg/l BAP (benzyl amino purine) and 3% sucrose. The temperature treatment of 4^o C was given for seven days and 34^o C was given for three days then followed by incubation at 24-26^o C for four weeks. Four weeks old callus was then extracted by methanol for phytochemical screening by colour reaction and metabolite profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The optimum growth of callus was obtained from a treatment temperature of 26^o C with and 4^o C with the callus growth time of 11 and 14 days, respectively. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and saponins. A total of 17 compounds were identified by GC/MS, whereby (Z)-9,17-octadecadienal, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol and 1,3-propanediol, ethyl hexadecyl ether were major compounds. Temperature treatment significantly impacted the induction and metabolite profiles of S. arvensis L.