Biphasic Calcium Phosphate as Pulp Capping Material

Tooth decay results from acid-producing bacteria interacting with fermentable carbohydrates, often leading to pulp capping procedures to preserve the vital pulp. Traditionally, calcium hydroxide has been widely used for this purpose due to its biological benefits. However, it has significant limitations, including poor adhesion and low durability. Bioceramic materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have shown greater effectiveness in sealing dentin and resisting bacterial leakage but are costly. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) is emerging as a more affordable alternative, offering strong bioactivity and structural support. A critical factor in pulp capping is ensuring good marginal adaptation since gaps can allow bacterial leakage, increasing the risk of pulp necrosis. This study aims to compare the marginal adaptation of BCP as a pulp capping material on dentin. The study explores the properties of commonly used pulp capping materials, including calcium hydroxide, MTA, and BCP, with a focus on their effectiveness in preserving pulp vitality. Calcium hydroxide, though widely used, has limitations that have driven the search for better alternatives. MTA and BCP have emerged as promising options. Among these, BCP is gaining attention as an affordable and effective material, offering strong bioactivity and sealing capabilities to prevent bacterial leakage and support pulp vitality.