Biomass and flavonoid production of gynura procumbens adventitious roots induced by sucrose, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

Adventitious roots culture of Gynura procumbens was successfully cultured in liquid medium by agitation in order to increased biomass and flavonoid content. Adventitious roots were induced from leaf explants on Murashige and skoog (MS) medium with 3% sucrose and various indol butyric acid (IBA) concentrations. Duration of initation, number, length and fresh weight of adventitious roots were evaluated. The best IBA concentration was achieved at 5 mg/L. In liquid culture, 2 g adventitious roots were used as inoculum. Various treatments of sucrose, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in different concentration were applied separately in culture using MS liquid medium was supplemented with 3% sucrose and 5 mg/L IBA. Culture were maintained in shaker incubator with 100 rpm at 25±3^oC for 28 days without light. Results show maximum biomass was achieved on culture with 50 g/L sucrose, 50 mg/L phenylalanine, and 50 mg/L tyrosin. The highest content of quersetine and kaempferol was obtained in culture with 50 g/L sucrose, 200 mg/L phenylalanine and 200 mg/L tyrosine. Base on the data, production of biomass and flavonoid of G. procumbens adventitious roots needs two-phase culture system for optimum yield. First phase cultures to achieve maximum biomass and second phase cultures to increase the content of G. procumbens adventitious roots.