Biocompatibility study of demineralized freeze dried cortical bone membrane

– The use of guided bone regeneration, which is a combination of bone graft material and a membrane inserted between bone graft material and soft tissue, is needed in defect reconstruction by alveolar bone grafting. The membrane is used to protect bone healing process from fibroblast infiltration into defect area. Demineralized Freeze Dried Bovine Cortical Bone Membrane (DFDBCBM) is made of demineralized and freeze-dried bovine bone cortex. However, its biocompatibility still needs to be studied. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the biocompatibility of DFDBCBM in human gingival fibroblast culture and to observe its immunogenic potential compared to bovine pericardium membrane (BPCM). 30 samples of human gingival fibroblast cultures were divided into 2 groups; experimental and control groups. Experimental group consist of DFDBCBM conditioned medium for 24, 48, and 72 hours of cells culture (n=5). Control group consist of basic medium. MTT Assay was applied and optical density was read by ELISA reader. Immunogenic potential was measured by acellularity level of DFDBCBM compared to that of BPCM, stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE). DFDBCBM showed no toxicity in all groups observed, with the highest number of viable cells was shown after 72 hours of cells culture (p<0.05). From the observation of DFDBCBM and BPCM showed no residual cells. Conclusion: DFDBCBM is not cytotoxic and doesn’t have residual cells, hence shows no potential of inducing immune response.