Biocompatibility Stainless Steel Brackets with Nickel and Chromium Ions: A Scoping Review

Background: The use of stainless steel brackets in the oral cavity for a long time will definitely experience a corrosion reaction. The corrosion process is always followed by the release of ions from metal elements. The release of nickel and chromium ions is the most common and studied because of its negative effects on the human body. Objective: to review the biocompatibility and release effect of nickel and chromium ions from stainless steel brackets on the human body. Methods: The data source of this study was obtained through literature search through a database with descriptions related to the biocompatibility of the use of stainless steel brackets with the release of nickel and chromium ions. Results: The results of research and literature studies show that the corrosion results obtained from orthodontic appliances do not cause DNA damage and low genotoxicity, toxicity and cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Biocompatibility of dental materials is the basic point of the success of these materials to be used in the oral cavity. The biocompatibility of stainless steel brackets is good due to the low level of toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in the body.