Autologous fat grafting and adipose-derived stem cells therapy for acute burns and burn-related scar: A systematic review

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze all available research on the application of autologous fat grafting (AFG) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) to present evidence-based recommendations, particularly in the clinical treatment of acute burns and burn-related scars. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE, as well as a manual search of previous reviews' reference lists up. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I, where appropriate. Results: Six eligible studies were selected (2 randomized clinical trials [RCT], 1 retrospective cohort, and 3 experimental studies) with subjects ranging from 3 to 100. Only one study evaluated the use of AFG for acute burns. Improvements in wound healing, vascularization, scar characteristics, and tissue architecture were generally observed in some studies, supported by molecular markers, while one study reported nonsignificant results. Subjective patient satisfaction was reported to have improved. Functional outcomes improvement in the treated regions was minimal. However, study heterogeneity arose mainly from treatment protocols. Cautious results interpretation due to potential bias, especially in selection and confounding domains, and limited clinical trials are important to note. More studies are needed to evaluate. Conclusion: AFG and ADSC hold potential as valuable treatment options for burn-related scars, supported by a body of evidence, but further well-designed RCT are needed. The efficacy of acute burn settings is yet to be further evaluated since evidence is limited.