Antioxidant Activity and Compound Analysis Using Various Types of Solvents on Cascara Pulp Arabica Gayo Coffee to Treat Skin Aging

Cascara dry coffee skin (coffee cherry tea) is one of the waste products of dried coffee pulp, which is useful as an inhibitor of free radicals, protects the stomach, and is beneficial for the skin. One that can inhibit free radicals is antioxidants. This study assessed the effect of different solvents on Arabica Gayo coffee pulp cascara's antioxidant activity and analyzed the components of Arabica Gayo coffee pulp compounds. This study's experimental methods include cascara extraction, antioxidant assay, and metabolite identification by GCMS analysis. Water, ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to extract the cascara Arabica Gayo coffee, then the various concentration of extract was prepared and tested with DPPH solutions. Extracts also identified their secondary metabolites by using GCMS analysis. The antioxidant assay revealed all extracts showed DPPH reduction with performing by changing color into a yellow color. A high concentration of extract positively correlated with percent DPPH inhibition. The highest antioxidant was the ethanol extract of cascara, followed by n-hexane, water, methanol, and ethyl acetate. The metabolites profile of each extract might cause different antioxidant activities. Metabolite profiles showed caffeine in all extracts, with the highest concentration in the n-hexane extract. Hexadecenoic acid was dominated at n-hexane extract, methanol, and ethyl acetate showed unique compounds, quinic acid in methanol and 1(2H)-Naphthalene, octahydro-4a,8a-dim at ethyl acetate extract. Both reported potential antioxidant activity. In summary, ethanol was recommended solvent with high antioxidant performance.