Antibacterial effect of xanthone from mangosteen pericarp extract (garcinia mangostana linn.) against porphyromonas gingivalis

Most of bacteria involved in primary endodontic infection are anaerobic bacteria, one of them is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a non-spore-forming gram-negative anaerobic rod. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a fruit that originated from Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. Several studies have shown that xanthones (active substance) from mangosteen pericarp have remarkable biological activities as an antibacterial agent. The aim of this study was to find out the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of xanthones from mangosteen pericarp extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium enriched with vitamin K1 and hemin, on anaerobic atmosphere. Porphyromonas gingivalis was diluted according to Mc. Farland standard 8 x 106 CFU/mL. The microtiter plate was incubated for 2 x 24 hour. Xanthones was isolated from ethanolic extract of pericarp of Garcinia mangostana, generated various concentrations from 0,32% to 1,91%. The suspension was read with ELISA Reader with wavelength 600 nm. At the concentration of 1,59% xanthone of mangosteen pericarp extracts showed lowest optical density. At the concentration of 0,32% showed highest optical density, also higher than bacteria control group. The mangosteen pericarp extract has antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis. The MIC was at 1.59%.