Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Coleus amboinicus Leaves Extract on Uric Acid-Induced Nephrotoxicity Rats

Recently, food consumption has changed following to sedentary lifestyle and high purine diets. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of Coleus amboinicus leaves extracts on uric acid-induced nephrotoxicity rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into 3 groups (n = 8 rats for each group). The experiment was performed based on the following treatment: P0= rats received normal saline after being fasted for 12 h; P1= rats were induced with 500 mg/kg BW uric acid, 750 mg/kg BW oxonic acid, and 0.1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) (positive control); and P2= induced-rats similar to P1 but received 500 mg/kg BW CA plant extract. The experiment lasted for 14 days. All rats were sacrificed for blood samples and tissue fixation on day 15 and were analyzed for serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and transforming growth factor-pi (TGF-pi) concentrations. Kidney tissues were collected for immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results showed that induction of uric acid (P1 and P2) revealed necrotic lesions in the tubular membrane. Concurrently, serum creatinine and BUN concentration increased (p<0.05) in the Pi group while the P2 can compensate for such increasing trends, giving a similar value to P0 (p>0.05). Treatment with CA leaves extract at 500 mg/kg BW (P2) increased GPx and TGF-β1 concentrations (p<0.05) compared with the positive control group (P1). Immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase in the expression of CD-68 and CD-i63 macrophages characterized by brownish aggregate in the area of renal tubules and glomerulus in the positive control and treatment groups compared to the control group. This evidence suggests that Coleus amboinicus leaves extract can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent because it was effective to inhibit acute kidney failure by restore BUN and serum creatinine to normal concentrations.