TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of the effect of the 2021 Semeru eruption on water vapor content and atmospheric particles using GNSS and remote sensing
AU - Cahyadi, Mokhamad Nur
AU - Bawasir, Arizal
AU - Arief, Syachrul
AU - Widodo, Amien
AU - Rusli, Meifal
AU - Kusumawardani, Deni
AU - Rahmawati, Yessi
AU - Martina, Ana
AU - Maulida, Putra
AU - Lestiana, Hilda
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful to the Indonesian Collaborative Research (RKI) 2022: 598/IT2/T/HK.00.01/2022 and Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation of Indonesia for the data and financial support of this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Editorial office of Geodesy and Geodynamics
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Mount Semeru, an active volcano in East Java, Indonesia, erupted on December 4, 2021, following extreme rainfall that caused an avalanche of hot pyroclastic flows and lava. The tropospheric conditions and dominant particle components in the atmosphere can be monitored using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and remote sensing satellites. GNSS signal propagation delay in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing can be used to determine Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) and Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) variables so that atmospheric conditions can be generated. In addition, by using remote sensing satellite data, it is possible to obtain rainfall data with high temporal resolution as well as the dominant particle and gas content values during eruptions. During the eruption period, the high value of PWV was dominated by the high intensity of precipitation during the rainy season. High rainfall before the eruption caused activity inside the mountain to increase, which occurred in avalanche type eruption. Apart from that, the atmosphere around Semeru was also dominated by SO2 content, which spreaded for tens of kilometers. SO2 content began to be detected significantly by remote sensing sensors on December 7, 2021. In this study, deformation and atmospheric monitoring were also carried out using low-cost GNSS at the Semeru Monitoring Station on September 9–15, 2022. The results of the ZTD and ZWD values show the dominance of the wet component, which is directly proportional to rainfall activity in this period.
AB - Mount Semeru, an active volcano in East Java, Indonesia, erupted on December 4, 2021, following extreme rainfall that caused an avalanche of hot pyroclastic flows and lava. The tropospheric conditions and dominant particle components in the atmosphere can be monitored using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and remote sensing satellites. GNSS signal propagation delay in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing can be used to determine Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) and Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) variables so that atmospheric conditions can be generated. In addition, by using remote sensing satellite data, it is possible to obtain rainfall data with high temporal resolution as well as the dominant particle and gas content values during eruptions. During the eruption period, the high value of PWV was dominated by the high intensity of precipitation during the rainy season. High rainfall before the eruption caused activity inside the mountain to increase, which occurred in avalanche type eruption. Apart from that, the atmosphere around Semeru was also dominated by SO2 content, which spreaded for tens of kilometers. SO2 content began to be detected significantly by remote sensing sensors on December 7, 2021. In this study, deformation and atmospheric monitoring were also carried out using low-cost GNSS at the Semeru Monitoring Station on September 9–15, 2022. The results of the ZTD and ZWD values show the dominance of the wet component, which is directly proportional to rainfall activity in this period.
KW - GNSS
KW - Rainfall
KW - Semeru
KW - SO
KW - Water vapor
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163368518&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.geog.2023.04.005
DO - 10.1016/j.geog.2023.04.005
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85163368518
SN - 1674-9847
VL - 15
SP - 33
EP - 41
JO - Geodesy and Geodynamics
JF - Geodesy and Geodynamics
IS - 1
ER -