Analysis of Factors Affecting Pneumonia in Toodlers Based on Theory Epidemiology Triad

Introduction: The incidence of Pneumonia in Indonesia has increased. East Java Province ranks second in the number of pneumonia sufferers under five in Indonesia with 92,913 patients under five. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors based on the theory of epidemiology triad: host factors (age, gender, birth weight, immunization status, nutritional status and exclusive breastfeeding), environmental factors (exposure to cigarette smoke, clean and healthy living behavior, distance from house to factory and distance from house to road). Methods: The research design in this study used a cross sectional. The population were toddlers with pneumonia aged 12-59 months. The study sample totaled 112 respondents based on cluster random sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire, contains of exposure to cigarette smoke, clean and healthy living behavior, distance from house to factory, and to road demographic characteristic (age, gender, birth weight of toddlers and current weight of toddlers, immunization status, nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding). This research was analysis used Spearman s rho test with α = 0.05. Results: The factors that influence the incidence of pneumonia in children under five include; age, gender, birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, immunization status, nutritional status, clean and healthy living behavior, exposure to cigarette smoke, distance from house to factory and also roads. Conclusion: The incidence of pneumonia in toddlers were related to host and environmental factors. It is expected that health workers and parents can control the risk factors for pneumonia by paying attention to children who are more susceptible to pneumonia.