TY - JOUR
T1 - An Empirical Investigation between FDI, Tourism, and Trade on CO2 Emission in Asia
T2 - Testing Environmental Kuznet Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis
AU - Handoyo, Rossanto Dwi
AU - Rahmawati, Yessi
AU - Altamirano, Omar Guillermo Rojas
AU - Ahsani, Salsabila Fahar
AU - Hudang, Adrianus Kabubu
AU - Haryanto, Tri
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Econjournals. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/7/19
Y1 - 2022/7/19
N2 - This study aims to analyze the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), tourism, exports, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the High-Income State, Upper-Middle Income, and Lower-Middle-Middle Income in Asia during the period of 2010-2019. This study uses the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood method. The results of this study indicate that Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis is valid in the country of High Income and Upper-Middle Income. In addition, there is a non-linear relationship between FDI, tourism, Export, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The interaction variables, which are a FDI with tourism and FDI with Export. Each of them is reducing carbon dioxide emissions only in high-income countries. Meanwhile, the interaction variables between FDI and imports reduce carbon dioxide emissions in high-income countries. However, it increases the carbon dioxide emissions in the upper-middle-income country.
AB - This study aims to analyze the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), tourism, exports, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the High-Income State, Upper-Middle Income, and Lower-Middle-Middle Income in Asia during the period of 2010-2019. This study uses the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood method. The results of this study indicate that Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis is valid in the country of High Income and Upper-Middle Income. In addition, there is a non-linear relationship between FDI, tourism, Export, and imports on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The interaction variables, which are a FDI with tourism and FDI with Export. Each of them is reducing carbon dioxide emissions only in high-income countries. Meanwhile, the interaction variables between FDI and imports reduce carbon dioxide emissions in high-income countries. However, it increases the carbon dioxide emissions in the upper-middle-income country.
KW - Carbon Dioxide Emissions
KW - Export
KW - Foreign Direct Investment
KW - Import
KW - Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood
KW - Tourism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134647824&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.32479/ijeep.13242
DO - 10.32479/ijeep.13242
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85134647824
SN - 2146-4553
VL - 12
SP - 385
EP - 393
JO - International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
JF - International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
IS - 4
ER -