Adho36 liposomes from salmonella typhi in combination with β-glucan immuno-adjuvant from candida albicans cell wall as oral vaccine against typhoid fever in mice model

BACKGROUND: The development of an oral typhoid fever vaccine need more effective and having high-efficacy in preventing typhoid fever. The use of liposomes as a vaccine vehicle can be formulated to target a specific location or trigger the release of antigens on its target. β-Glucan derived from Candida albicans cell wall as immunoadjuvant can strengthen the immune response and increases the protection against Salmonella Typhi bacterial invasion. AIM: This study aimed to determine the immune response in typhoid fever mice by administering a combination of AdhO36 S. Typhi liposome vaccine with β-Glucan and determine the protectivity to inhibit bacterial colonization in typhoid fever. METHODS: Mice were divided into five groups include negative and positive control also treatment group. IL-12 was evaluated after 4-h immunization while the other (was IL-12, IL-10, Th1 (IL-2), Th2 (IL-4), and the protective test against bacterial invasion) evaluated after 96-h. RESULTS: IL-12 level in the combination of β-Glucan and AdhO36 groups showed significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.034), whereas IL-10 level significantly increase (p = 0.0009). The percentage of Th-1 (IL-2) cells significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.000), this also happened on the percentage of Th-2 (IL-4) cells that significantly lower than infected groups (p = 0.018). The protective test toward bacterial invasion showed no bacterial colonization in all tissues intestine, liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node. CONCLUSION: The administration of a combination of liposome containing β-Glucan from C. albicans and AdhO36 S. Typhi has a potential effect on cellular and humoral immune response.