Addition of adipose derived stem cell to beta tricalcium phosphate and human cancellous bone for craniofacial bone tissue engineering: An in vitro study

Introduction: Autologous bone graft remains the method of choice for correction of osseous defects despite its shortcomings related to its limited availability, donor side effects and post-surgical potential complications of the recipient. It is imperative to develop more innovative substitute that offers little to no adverse effects. We aimed to assess the impact of addition human adiposed derived stem cell to Beta tricalcium phosphate (βTCP) and human cancellous bone in vitro. Methods: Experimental study was carried out in vitro, where βTCP and human cancellous freeze-dried bone graft were seeded onto a 24-well microplate (each well containing 2x106 hADSCs). A colorimetric assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide/MTT) was carried out for three days using the second passage of hADSCs to calculate the cell viability using ELISA reader at optical density (OD) 590nm. Results: MTT Assay showed that the percentage of viable cells in both groups were more than 70%, of which the βTCP showed significantly higher percentage than cancellous bone groups. Conclusion: This study proved that the addition of human adipose derived stem cell to βTCP and human cancellous bone in vitro is harmless and significantly improve cell viability in vitro.