A review on laboratory procedures manual and medical application of stem cell on degenerative diseases: An optimization and comparative study

Stem cell therapy has become a frontier in medical practice. It led to the conception of regenerative medicine that utilizes cell-based approaches in the treatment and management of degenerative diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, and cardiac-related diseases. Known for being undifferentiated and for their regenerative capacities, stem cells can help promote cell replacement in organs that are damaged beyond their ability to self-repair. A plethora of strong proofs of their potentials has led to numerous studies on isolation techniques-enzymatic and non-enzymatic approaches. This review compares enzymatic approaches in stem cell isolation, specifically on the use of trypsin and collagenases, and also as part of basic laboratory manual procedures. Non-enzymatic approaches such as ultrasonic cavitation method is briefly discussed. Moreover, current applications of stem cells on terminally differentiated organs in the body and their challenges in the clinical setting are also discussed.