A review of human dental pulp stem cells inhibit maxillary alveolar ridge reduction in osteoporosis senile patient

Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bone resorption that affects old elderly. More than 7.5 million people in Europe, the United States and Japan have osteoporosis that causes 8.9 million fractures every 3 seconds in 2006. In Indonesia, the impact of osteoporosis reaches 19.7%. East Java has an osteoporosis rate of 21.42%. Some studies have shown that osteoporosis has a risk of maxillary alveolar ridge reduction, which is the major ridge bone in the maxilla.The aim of this review is to describe the potential of human dental pulp stem cells(HDPSCs) inhibits maxillary alveolar ridge reduction in geriatrics with osteoporosis. Mesenchymal Stem cellsare multipotent cells that possessed an ability to differentiate into various cells that can triggers tissue regeneration. Some cells exhibit growth potential and have multidifferentiation properties, one of them is the dental pulp. HDPSCs is a potential regenerative healing used in a certain disease. HDPSCs have osteoinductive bone factor such bone morphogenic protein and their ability to produce osteoblast has been proved by study in vitro and in vivo. HDPSCs is cultured in osteogenic medium, in vitro osteogenic differentiation suggests increased of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased activity of osteogenic markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin and osteocalcin. Osteocalcin is a protein synthesized by osteoblasts, as a marker of the bone construction process, which binds hydroxyapatite in a bone matrix. STRO-1, mesenchymal surface marker cells has also shown positive expression on HDPSCs with the ability of bone tissue formation. HDPSCs may potential to stimulate osteoblasts for bone regeneration in order to inhibit the reduction of maxillary alveolar ridge in geriatrics with osteoporosis.