Development of the Early Recovery After Childbirth (ERAC) Model to Reduce the Risk of Postpartum Complications in Primiparous Mothers

The postpartum period is a critical transition phase during which mothers experience significant physical, emotional, and social changes while adapting to their new maternal role. Although postpartum complications remain a major concern, many first-time mothers, particularly those identified as being at risk, experience uncertainty in recognizing normal recovery processes and early warning signs of complications.
This qualitative study aims to explore the needs, perceptions, and lived experiences of at-risk primiparous mothers in preparing for postpartum recovery and managing potential complications. The study focuses on how mothers understand postpartum changes, seek health information, make decisions, and receive support from healthcare providers and family members during the early postpartum period.
A qualitative descriptive design was employed using in-depth interviews with primiparous mothers receiving care at a teaching hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Participants were interviewed at two different postpartum stages to capture changes in their experiences during early recovery. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis approach, supported by NVivo software for data organization and management.
The study highlights that postpartum recovery is not only a biological process but also a complex journey involving maternal adaptation, emotional adjustment, breastfeeding challenges, infant care responsibilities, family influence, and the development of confidence as a new mother. Understanding these experiences provides important insights for developing more responsive, family-centered, and culturally appropriate postpartum care interventions.
The findings are expected to contribute to improving maternal health services by strengthening postpartum education, early recognition of complications, psychosocial support, and continuity of care for mothers transitioning into motherhood.

Research Objectives
This study aims to:
Explore the experiences of at-risk primiparous mothers during early postpartum recovery.
Identify mothers’ perceptions and understanding of normal postpartum changes and warning signs of complications.
Explore the sources of information, support systems, and decision-making processes among first-time mothers.
Develop recommendations for improving postpartum care and support programs.

Every mother deserves care after giving birth, not only during pregnancy and delivery. This study explores the experiences of first-time mothers as they recover after childbirth, adapt to caring for their newborns, and recognize possible health concerns. By understanding mothers’ voices and challenges, this research aims to improve postpartum support and create better care for mothers and babies.

Key findings revealed four major aspects of postpartum experiences among at-risk primiparous mothers: (1) recovering while learning to care for their first baby, (2) uncertainty in recognizing normal recovery and danger signs, (3) navigating family traditions and professional health information, and (4) the importance of practical and emotional support for recovery and decision-making. The study highlights the need for comprehensive, culturally sensitive, and family-centered postpartum care to support mothers during their transition into motherhood.